The maximum total supply of XRP is 100 billion tokens, all of which were pre-mined (created at launch) in 2012. Unlike Bitcoin, which has a gradual mining process, XRP’s entire supply was generated at inception, with no further coins to be created.

Ripple, the company closely associated with XRP, holds a significant portion in escrow to ensure controlled distribution. As of now, around 54 billion XRP are in circulation, with the remaining supply locked in escrow contracts that release 1 billion XRP monthly to manage market stability. Any unused portion is returned to escrow for future distribution.

This fixed supply makes XRP a deflationary asset in practice, as small amounts are destroyed (burned) with each transaction (a fraction of an XRP per transaction). However, the burn rate is minimal, ensuring long-term predictability.

The 100 billion cap was designed to support Ripple’s vision for fast, low-cost cross-border payments, providing enough liquidity for financial institutions while preventing inflation. Critics argue that Ripple’s large holdings (about 40 billion XRP remaining in escrow) give it substantial influence over the market, but proponents highlight the transparency of its release schedule.

The maximum total supply of XRP is 100 billion tokens, all of which were pre-mined at its creation. Unlike Bitcoin, which has a gradual mining process, XRP's entire supply was generated when Ripple (now Ripple Labs) launched the ledger in 2012.

Currently, not all XRP is in circulation. A significant portion is held in escrow by Ripple, releasing gradually to control market supply. As of 2024, around 54-55 billion XRP are in active circulation, with the rest managed through scheduled escrow releases.

This fixed supply ensures no inflation, making XRP's economics predictable compared to traditional fiat currencies.