Ordinary shares, also known as common shares or equity shares, represent ownership in a company and confer certain rights to the shareholders. These shares are the most common type of shares issued by companies and are typically traded on stock exchanges.

Ordinary shareholders have the right to participate in the company's profits through dividends. Dividends are the portion of the company's earnings that is distributed to shareholders as a return on their investment. However, the payment of dividends is not guaranteed and is subject to the company's financial performance and management decisions.

Shareholders of ordinary shares also have the right to vote on important matters concerning the company, such as the appointment of directors and major corporate decisions. The voting power is usually determined based on the number of shares held by each shareholder, giving them a say in the company's governance.

In the event of liquidation or bankruptcy, ordinary shareholders have a residual claim on the company's assets after all other obligations, such as debts and preferred shares, have been paid off. This means that ordinary shareholders have a higher risk-reward profile compared to other stakeholders.

Overall, ordinary shares provide investors with ownership rights, the potential for capital appreciation, dividends, and a voice in the company's affairs, making them a fundamental instrument for individuals to participate in the growth and success of a company.