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How are small-cap stocks different from large-cap and mid-cap stocks?
Small-cap, large-cap, and mid-cap stocks are classifications used in the world of stock market investing to differentiate companies based on their market capitalization. Market capitalization refers to the total market value of a company's outstanding shares of stock and is calculated by multiplying the current stock price by the total number of outstanding shares. These categories help investors understand the size and risk associated with different companies. Here's how small-cap stocks differ from large-cap and mid-cap stocks:

1. Market Capitalization:
- Small-Cap Stocks: Small-cap stocks are associated with companies that have a smaller market capitalization, typically ranging from a few hundred million dollars to a few billion dollars. These companies are often in the early stages of growth and have a smaller footprint in their respective industries.
- Mid-Cap Stocks: Mid-cap stocks fall in the middle, with market capitalizations typically between a few billion dollars and $10 billion. They are more established and have shown growth potential.
- Large-Cap Stocks: Large-cap stocks belong to well-established, larger companies with market capitalizations exceeding $10 billion. These companies are often considered industry leaders and are generally more stable.

2. Risk and Return:
- Small-Cap Stocks: Small-cap stocks are generally considered riskier but have the potential for higher returns. They are more susceptible to market volatility and economic downturns.
- Mid-Cap Stocks: Mid-cap stocks offer a balance between risk and return. They may not have the same growth potential as small-caps, but they are also less volatile than smaller companies.
- Large-Cap Stocks: Large-cap stocks are viewed as less risky and more stable investments. They may offer lower growth potential than smaller companies but are often less affected by market turbulence.

3. Growth and Maturity:
- Small-Cap Stocks: Small-cap stocks often represent companies in the early stages of growth, seeking to expand their market presence and increase revenue.
- Mid-Cap Stocks: Mid-cap stocks typically represent companies that have already passed the initial stages of growth and are transitioning into more stable, mature phases.
- Large-Cap Stocks: Large-cap stocks are associated with well-established, mature companies that may not experience rapid growth but are known for consistent operations and dividend payments.

Investors often diversify their portfolios by including a mix of small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap stocks to balance risk and potential returns. The choice of investments within these categories depends on individual financial goals, risk tolerance, and investment strategies.

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